Synchronous Motor vs Synchronous Generator (Alternator)

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Aspect Synchronous Motor Synchronous Generator
Function Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Operation Requires an external mechanical force to start rotating. Requires an initial source of electrical energy to induce rotation.
Speed Operates at synchronous speed. Generates electrical power at synchronous speed.
Construction Often has additional mechanisms (e.g., squirrel cage rotor). Typically has a rotor with field windings.
Torque Produces torque to overcome mechanical resistance. Requires mechanical input to produce torque for electricity generation.
Load Handling Can handle variable mechanical loads. Can handle variable electrical loads.
Excitation Does not require external excitation. Requires external excitation to produce a magnetic field.
Power Flow Electrical power flows into the system. Electrical power flows out of the system.
Control Controlled by adjusting the electrical input. Controlled by adjusting the mechanical input or excitation.
Applications Used in various applications like industrial machinery, fans, pumps. Used for power generation in power plants, wind turbines, and other electricity generation systems.

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